December 1893. Arthur Conan Doyle shocks his legions of fans by killing off the world's favorite fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes. Meanwhile, in Scotland, a sensational real-life murder trial is playing out. Alfred Monson, a scion of the aristocracy, is charged with killing a young army lieutenant, Cecil Hambrough, on the sprawling Ardlamont estate. The worlds of crime fiction and crime fact are about to collide spectacularly. Among the key prosecution witnesses were two esteemed Edinburgh doctors, Joseph Bell and Henry Littlejohn. Bell--Doyle's tutor when the author studied medicine in the 1870s--had recently been unmasked as the inspiration behind the creation of Sherlock Holmes. But what the public did not know was that Bell and Littlejohn--a pioneer in the emerging field of forensic detection--had actually been investigating crimes together for more than 20 years. Littlejohn deserves equal billing as the prototype of Baker Street's most famous resident. This book re-examines the evidence of the case that gripped Victorian Britain, putting forward his own theory as to why Cecil Hambrough was murdered. Outlining the key roles of the men whose powers of deduction and detection had so inspired Doyle, Smith explores the real-world origins of Sherlock Holmes through the prism of a mystery as engrossing as any case the Great Detective ever tackled.