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Book may have numerous typos, missing text, images, or index. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. 1921. Excerpt: ... CHAPTER XHL JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE SYSTEMS. 522. That we may be prepared for recognizing the primitive identity of military institutions with institutions for administering justice, let us observe how close is the kinship between the modes of dealing with external aggression and internal aggression, respectively. We have the facts, already more than once emphasized, that at first the responsibilities of communities to one another are paralleled by the responsibilities to one another of familygroups within each community; and that the kindred claims are enforced in kindred ways. Various savage tribes show us that, originally, external war has to effect an equalization of injuries, either directly in kind or indirectly by compensations. Among the Chinooks, " has the one party a larger number of dead than the other, indemnification must be made by the latter, or the war is continued;" and among the Arabs "when peace is to be made, both parties count up their dead, and the usual blood-money is paid for excess on either side." By which instances we are shown that in the wars between tribes, as in the family-feuds of early times, a death must be balanced by a death, or else must be compounded for; as it once was in Germany and in England, by specified numbers of sheep and cattle, or by money. Not only are the wars which societies carry on to effect the righting of alleged wrongs, thus paralleled by family-feuds in the respect that for retaliation in kind there may be subetituted a penalty adjudged by usage or authority; but they are paralleled by feuds between individuals in the like respect. From the first stage in which each man avenges himself by force on a transgressing neighbour, as the whole community does on a transgressing community, the transition is to a stage in which he...
| ISBN-13 | 9781151159090 |
|---|---|
| ISBN-10 | 1151159093 |
| Weight | 1.41 Pounds |
| Dimensions | 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.97 In |
| List Price | $30.80 |
| Format | Paperback |
|---|---|
| Pages | 438 pages |
| Publisher | |
| Published On | 2009-12-01 |
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