This volume presents the proceedings of the Joint German-Israeli Workshop on linear one-dimensional singular integral equations, held in Tel Aviv from March 1-10, 1995. The volume contains a selection of papers in modern operator theory and its applications. The main topics of the workshop were symbol calculus, index formulas, projection and quadrature methods for Toeplitz and singular integral operators with different symbols, algebras generated by such operators and algebras generated by indempotents. The other topics discussed were inverse scattering problems for differential operators, distribution of zeros for orthogonal functions, factorization of matrix functions and calculation of norms. The book will be appreciated by a wide audience in the mathematical and engineering sciences.