Covering a period up to 1971, this selection of Saunders Mac Lane's most distinguished papers takes the reader on a journey through the most important milestones of the mathematical world in the twentieth century. Mac Lane was an extraordinary mathematician and a dedicated teacher who cared earnestly about the values of science and education. His life spanned nearly a century of mathematical progress. In his earlier years, he participated in the exciting developments in Göttingen. He studied under David Hilbert, Hermann Weyl, and Paul Bernays. Later, he contributed to the more abstract and general mathematical viewpoints which emerged in the twentieth century. Perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment during his long and extraordinary career was the development of the concept and theory of categories, together with Samuel Eilenberg, which has broad applications in different areas, in particular in topology and the foundations of mathematics.