This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Security of Railway Systems, RRSRail 2017, held in Pistoia, Italy, in November 2017. The 16 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: communication challenges in railway systems; formal modeling and verification for safety; light rail and urban transit; and engineering techniques and standards. The book also contains one keynote talk in full-paper length.