This book presents new optimization approaches and methods and their application in real-world and industrial problems. Numerous processes and problems in real life and industry can be represented as optimization problems, including modeling physical processes, wildfire, natural hazards and metal nanostructures, workforce planning, wireless network topology, parameter settings for controlling different processes, extracting elements from video clips, and management of cloud computing environments. This book shows how to develop algorithms for these problems, based on new intelligent methods like evolutionary computations, ant colony optimization and constraint programming, and demonstrates how real-world problems arising in engineering, economics and other domains can be formulated as optimization problems. The book is useful for researchers and practitioners alike.