Aristophanes' Lysistrate is one of the great political comedies of world literature. It was performed in Athens in 411 BC at a Dionysus festival during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta as a plea for peace. As the men are incapable of peace, the women take the initiative for peace in a revolutionary action led by Lysistrate, because women also have "reason" and "insight". As the old women take control of the state and war coffers from the men and the young women join the Spartans in a love strike, together they force peace through play and thus save Greece.

The intertwining of serious themes and lascivious comic action is a constitutive feature of Attic comedy in the classical period, which has its roots in Dionysian festival culture. It massively hindered the reception of Lysistrate until well into the 20th century and was only recognised as an element of carnivalesque comedy in modern times. The edition of the play with a precise translation and a differentiated commentary should help to secure the comedy its place in the cultural memory of the present.