Thisbook provides readers the idea of systemically synthesizing various kind ofknowledge, which needs to combine analytical thinking and synthetic thinking.Systems science is expected to help in solving contemporary complex problems,utilizing interdisciplinary knowledge effectively and combining analyticalthinking and synthetic thinking efficiently. However, traditional systemsscience has been divided into two schools: one seeks a systematic procedure togive a correct objective answer; the other develops an emergent, systemicprocess so that the user can continue exploratory learning. It is not anexaggeration to say that analytical thinking and synthetic thinking have beendeveloped independently, in different schools. This book integrates approachesdeveloped in these two schools, using ideas in knowledge science that have beenemerging recently under the influence of Eastern thinking. It emphasizes theimportance of utilizing intuition in systems approaches, whereas other booksusually try to solve problems rationally and objectively, rejectingsubjectivity. This book never denies rationality and objectivity; however,complex problems of today do not always yield to complete analysis. The noveltyof this present volume is that it takes in the ideas of synthetic thinking inknowledge science to develop systems science further. The chapter contributors,who are experienced systems scientists with a profound understanding ofknowledge management, discuss knowledge synthesis from the Western and Easterncultural perspectives. The book introduces a theory on systemic knowledgesynthesis in an odd chapter and then presents an application of the theory inthe next chapter in order to contribute to developing translational systemsscience.