This is an overview of music therapy clinical practice in the 21st century, structured around the ways music therapists engage clients in music experiences - re-creating, composing, improvising and active listening. The book includes 48 case illustrations from 29 clinicians practicing with diverse client populations. These cases demonstrate how the music therapist adapts the method to meet the unique needs and interests of clients. The benefits of these methods are outlined, and representative research is provided to support clinical applications. Ten context examples written by ten music therapists experienced in those settings are included that illustrate similarities and differences in the roles music therapy may play in treatment.