This text details contemporary electroanalytical strategies of biomolecules and electrical phenomena in biological systems. It presents significant developments in sequence-specific DNA detection for more efficient and cost-effective medical diagnosis of genetic and infectious diseases and microbial and viral pathogens. The authors discuss the latest advances in amperometric biosensing, capillary electrophoresis, DNA amplification and detection, single-cell neurochemistry, in vivo electrochemistry, and electrochemical immunoassay. They also present recent techniques to evaluate the reaction properties of complex electron-transport enzymes and describe the use of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to study the mechanisms and kinetics of dopamine neurotransmission, among other topics.