This book explains the basic principles of data as building blocks of electronic evidential matter, which are used in a cyber forensics investigations. The entire text is written with no reference to a particular operation system or environment, thus it is applicable to all work environments, cyber investigation scenarios, and technologies.  The text is written in a step-by-step manner, beginning with the elementary building blocks of data progressing upwards to the representation and storage of information.  It inlcudes practical examples and illustrations throughout to guide the reader.