This is the first comprehensive compilation of problem-based, low cost, low risk measures to prevent or treat difficult labor. These measures are logically used before higher-cost, higher-risk interventions. The book is arranged so that a busy midwife can find desired information quickly using flowcharts, plentiful illustrations, and minimal text presented in a systematic approach to specific conditions. The book also provides sections of more detailed text for use when the reader has time to consider the same topics more deeply. The text is carefully tied to research sources, and integrates ideas originating in both the medical model and the midwifery model of birth.