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Series Editor | |
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Series Editor's Preface | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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About the Author | |
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Fundamentals of Solar Radiation | |
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The Sun as a Star | |
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The Earth and the Sun | |
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The Orbit and Rotation of the Earth | |
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The Sun and Intensity of Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation | |
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Solar Time and Solar Position | |
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Solar Time | |
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Declination | |
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Equation of Time | |
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Local Apparent Time | |
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Solar Position: Altitude and Azimuth | |
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Solar Incidence Angles | |
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Air Mass | |
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Solar Components | |
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Clearness Index | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Introduction to Solar Radiation Measurements | |
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Overview of Detector Technology | |
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Calorimetry | |
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Thermoelectric Detectors | |
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Thermopiles | |
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Resistance Detectors | |
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Photoelectric Detectors | |
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Pyrheliometers: Measuring Direct Normal Irradiance | |
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Pyrheliometer Design | |
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Circumsolar Radiation | |
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Pyranometers: Measuring Hemispherical Radiation | |
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Thermal Pyranometers | |
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Photoelectric Pyranometers | |
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Diffuse Measurements | |
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Rotating Shadowband Radiometers | |
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Spectral Distributions | |
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Uncertainty | |
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The Guide to Measurement Uncertainty | |
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Sources of Radiometric Uncertainty | |
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The World Radiometric Reference | |
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Pyranometer Geometrical Response Functions | |
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Summary of Uncertainty Sources and Magnitudes in Solar Measurements | |
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Measurement Networks | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Modeling Clear Sky Solar Radiation | |
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The Atmospheric Filter | |
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Physics-Based Models | |
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Empirical Models | |
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Parameterization Models | |
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Bird Clear Sky Direct Beam Irradiance | |
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Bird Clear Sky Diffuse Irradiance | |
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The Bird Clear Sky Total Hemispherical Irradiance | |
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Computational Example | |
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The Ineichen Simplified SOLIS Model | |
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Extension of the Simple SOLIS Model | |
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Gueymard's REST2 Model | |
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Basic REST2 Structure | |
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The REST2 Model Transmittance Equations | |
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REST Computational Example | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Modeling Global Irradiance under All Sky Conditions | |
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Simple Correlation Models | |
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Solar Radiation from Temperature Observations | |
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Correlations with Sunshine Duration | |
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Clouds | |
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Cloud Observations | |
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Empirical All Sky Radiation Models | |
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Kasten and Czeplak Models | |
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Simple Cloud Cover Modifier for Clear Sky Models | |
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All Sky Solar Radiation from Weather Satellites | |
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The Future: Forecasting Solar Radiation | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Modeling Missing Components | |
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Introduction | |
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Estimating Diffuse from Global Horizontal Irradiance | |
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Orgill and Hollands Correlation | |
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Erbs Correlation | |
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Boes DNI Correlation | |
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Estimating Direct from Global Normal Irradiance | |
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The Maxwell Direct Insolation Simulation Code Model | |
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The Perez DIRTNT and DIRINDEX Models | |
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DIRINT Model | |
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DIRINDEX Model | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Applications: Modeling Solar Radiation Available to Collectors | |
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Solar Collector Geometries | |
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Isotropic Models | |
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Liu and Jordan | |
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Anisotropic Models | |
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The Perez Anisotropic Tilt Conversion Model | |
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Computational Example | |
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The Accuracy of the Perez Anisotropic Model | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Introduction to Modeling Spectral Distributions | |
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The Spectral Atmospheric Filter | |
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Renewable Energy Applications for Spectral Data and Models | |
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Complex Spectral Models | |
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MODTRAN and LOWTRAN | |
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LibRadtran and Other Complex Spectral Models | |
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Standard Spectral Distributions | |
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Reference AM0 Extraterrestrial Spectra | |
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Reference Terrestrial Spectra for Renewable Energy Applications | |
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The International Commission on Illumination | |
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CIE Spectral Model-Illuminant D65 and Daylight | |
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Bird Clear Sky Spectral Model SPCTRL2 | |
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Spectral Transmission Functions | |
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Diffuse Spectral Irradiance on a Horizontal Surface | |
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Diffuse Spectral Irradiance on a Tilted Surface | |
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Gueymard Clear Sky Spectral Model SMARTS | |
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SPCTRL2 and SMARTS for ASTM Standard Reference Conditions | |
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Spectral Distributions under All Sky Conditions | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Introduction to Modeling Daylight | |
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Introduction | |
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Illuminance versus Irradiance | |
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Photopic Response | |
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Luminous Efficacy | |
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Applications of Daylight Data and Models | |
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Interior Applications | |
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Exterior Applications | |
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The Perez Anisotropic Illuminance Model | |
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Perez Luminous Efficacy Functions | |
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Illuminance on Tilted Surfaces | |
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Uncertainty of the Perez Anisotropic Illuminance Model | |
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International Commission on Illumination Models | |
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CIE Standard Sky Models | |
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CIE Gradation and Indicatrix Functions | |
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Computational Example | |
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Sky Luminance Model Accuracy | |
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Other Sky Luminance Distribution Models | |
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Computational Example | |
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Other Reading | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Summary and Future Prospects | |
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Overview of the Modeling Chapters | |
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Current Issues and Future Prospects | |
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Bird Clear Sky Model in Excel | |
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Excel Structure for DISC Model of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) from Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) | |
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Tables for CIE D65 Reference Spectrum and Spectral Daylight Temperature Model | |
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SPCTRL2 FORTRAN Source Code | |
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Photopic Response Function V(�) Curve | |
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Perez Anisotropic Model Coefficients for Luminous Efficacy and Zenith Luminance Model | |
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Index | |