| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Polymer Composites | |
| |
| |
| |
Definitions and Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
Advantages and Limitations | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Constituent Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Polymer Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| |
Core Material | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Forms and Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
| |
Continuous Reinforcement Forms | |
| |
| |
| |
Molding Compounds | |
| |
| |
| |
Prepreg Layup and Autoclave Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
Filament Winding | |
| |
| |
| |
Pultrusion | |
| |
| |
| |
Compression Molding | |
| |
| |
| |
Liquid Molding | |
| |
| |
| |
Properties of Composites | |
| |
| |
| |
Density | |
| |
| |
| |
Elastic Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermal Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Multiply Laminates | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Conventional Machining Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
Requirements for Maching FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Turning | |
| |
| |
| |
Single Point Cutting Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
Milling and Trimming | |
| |
| |
| |
Drilling | |
| |
| |
| |
Abrasive Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Surface Finish | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanics of Chip Formation | |
| |
| |
| |
Fundamental Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
Orthogonal Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining of Polymers | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining of Unidirectional FRPS | |
| |
| |
| |
Chip Formation Modes | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Forces | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining of Multidirectional Laminates | |
| |
| |
| |
Chip Formation | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Forces | |
| |
| |
| |
Modeling of the Chip Formation Process | |
| |
| |
| |
Shear Plane Models | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanics Model of Zhang et al. [20] | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanistic Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Materials and Tool Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Materials for Machining FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Cemented Tungsten Carbides | |
| |
| |
| |
Coated Carbides | |
| |
| |
| |
Ceramics | |
| |
| |
| |
Polycrystalline Diamond | |
| |
| |
| |
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride | |
| |
| |
| |
Diamond Coated Carbides | |
| |
| |
| |
Future Outlook | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Tool Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
Measurement of Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Wear Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Life | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Conventional Machining of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Machinability of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Turning of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Fiber Orientation in Turning | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Wear in Turning of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Forces and Specific Cutting Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Temperatures | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Milling and Trimming of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Fiber Orientation in Milling Unidirectional FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Forces and Specific Cutting Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Recommended Practices | |
| |
| |
| |
Drilling of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Fiber Orientation in Drilling | |
| |
| |
| |
Drilling Thrust Force and Torque | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting Temperatures | |
| |
| |
| |
Machining Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanics of Delamination | |
| |
| |
| |
Recommended Practices | |
| |
| |
| |
Abrasive Machining and Grinding | |
| |
| |
| |
Abrasive Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Grinding | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Turning | |
| |
| |
| |
Milling and Trimming | |
| |
| |
| |
Drilling | |
| |
| |
| |
Abrasive Machining and Grinding | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Nontraditional Machining of FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Abrasive Waterjet Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Technology Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Removal Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
AWJ Machining Characteristics of FRPS | |
| |
| |
| |
Modeling of AWJ Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Laser Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Technology Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanisms of Material Removal | |
| |
| |
| |
Laser Machining Characteristics of FRPS | |
| |
| |
| |
Modeling and Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Discharge Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Technology Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Removal Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
EDM Characteristics of FRPS | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
AWJ Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Laser Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
EDM | |
| |
| |
Review Questions and Problems | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Health and Safety Aspects in Machining FRPs | |
| |
| |
| |
Hazard Sources and Routes of Exposure | |
| |
| |
| |
Matrix Material | |
| |
| |
| |
Reinforcement Fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
Dust Generation in Dry Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Aerosol Emissions in Laser Machining | |
| |
| |
| |
Workplace Controls | |
| |
| |
| |
Administrative Controls | |
| |
| |
| |
Engineering Controls | |
| |
| |
| |
Personal Protective Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Machine Tool Health | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |