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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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About the Contributors | |
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Introduction to Research in Skeletal Biology | |
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Introduction to Skeletal Biology | |
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Goals of this Textbook | |
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Why Study the Human Skeleton? | |
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A Concise (and Abridged) Overview and History of Themes in Physical/ Biological Anthropology Relevant to Human Skeletal Biology | |
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Format of this Book | |
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How to Use this Book | |
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Final Thoughts | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Application of the Scientific Method to Skeletal Biology | |
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Introduction to Science | |
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The Scientific Method | |
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Developing a Research Question: How to Think of and Develop Ideas | |
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Project Logistics | |
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Case Study: The Development of a Dissertation Topic | |
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Final Thoughts | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Research on Aspects of the Biological Profile | |
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Age-at-Death Estimation | |
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Introduction | |
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Subadult Age-at-Death Estimation | |
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Statistics and Adult Age-at-Death Estimation | |
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Adult Age-at-Death Estimation | |
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Case Study: Bayesian Theory Applied to the Multifactorial Age Indicator Problem | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Sex Estimation and Assessment | |
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Introduction | |
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Sex Assessment versus Sex Estimation | |
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Sexual Dimorphism: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Factors | |
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Sex Assessment | |
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Metric Sex Estimation | |
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Problematic Areas of Sex Estimation | |
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Case Study: Developing Population-Specific Sexing Standards | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Ancestry Estimation | |
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Introduction | |
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(Brief) History of Race Concept | |
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Hrdlicka, Hooton, and Boas: Three Key Figures in the Development of the Discipline | |
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Scientific Racism | |
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Modern Thought About Ancestry | |
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Ancestry and Forensic Anthropology | |
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Statistical Approaches | |
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Case Study: Assessing Ancestry for an Unknown | |
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Final Thoughts: the Future of Research in Ancestry Estimation and Human Variation | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Recommended Additional Readings and Viewings | |
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Stature Estimation | |
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Introduction | |
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Methods in Stature Estimation: Then and Now | |
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Problems with Stature Estimation | |
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Case Studies: Stature Estimation | |
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Future Research in Stature Estimation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Paleopathology | |
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Introduction | |
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Skeletal Stress Markers of Bioarchaeological Value | |
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Identifying a Pathology | |
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How to Collect Pathological Data | |
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The Photo Kit and Photographs/Other Images | |
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Choosing a Collection: Not in a Vacuum | |
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Paleopathological Information as a Problem-Solving Tool | |
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Conclusion: Paleopathology as an Investigative Tool | |
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References | |
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Investigation of Skeletal Trauma | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Concepts in Bone Trauma | |
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Types of Trauma in the Human Skeleton | |
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New Thinking: Skeletal Trauma as a Continuum | |
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Skeletal Trauma as a Component of Anthropological Research | |
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Case-Based Analysis | |
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Case Study: Investigation of Fracture Patterns in Child Abuse Using a Case-Based Approach | |
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Experimental Skeletal Trauma Research | |
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Case Study: Experimental Impact Biomechanics Research into Cranial Base Fractures | |
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Future Directions in Skeletal Trauma Research | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Taphonomy | |
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Introduction | |
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The Taphonomic Research Perspective | |
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Methodology in Taphonomic Research | |
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Actualistic Methodology: Natural and Experimental | |
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Taphonomy and Skeletal Biology: Two Case Studies | |
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Case Study: Forensic Taphonomy | |
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Case Study: Archaeological Taphonomy | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Dental Anthropology | |
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Introduction | |
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Teeth: A Brief Introduction | |
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Tooth Size and Shape | |
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Tooth Development and Wear | |
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Visualizing Tooth Growth | |
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Dental Pathology | |
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Teeth and Genetic Material | |
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Isotope Analysis | |
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Microwear | |
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Case Study: The Devil Is in the Details | |
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Moving Forward… | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Demography | |
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Introduction | |
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Starting Data for Demographic Analysis of Skeletal Samples | |
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Estimation of Sex and of the Sex Ratio | |
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Estimation of Age and of the Age-at-Death Structure | |
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What Sex Ratios and Age-at-Death Structures Can Tell Us About Past Populations | |
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What Role can Sex Ratios and Age-at-Death Structures Play in Forensic Anthropology? | |
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Conclusion: Wrapping It up | |
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References | |
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Technological Advances | |
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Geometric Morphometrics | |
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Introduction | |
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Traditional Morphometries | |
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Geometric Morphometries | |
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Geometric Morphometric Methods | |
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Current Applications of Geometric Morphometries in Skeletal Biology | |
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Conclusion and Additional Resources | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Bone and Dental Histology | |
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Introduction | |
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Bone Histology and Anthropology | |
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Basic Concepts in Dental Histology | |
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Case Study of Dental Histology in Forensic Anthropology: The Problem of Pink Teeth | |
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So You're Interested in Dental Histology | |
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Histological Methods | |
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Histological Analyses | |
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Case Studies: Bone Histology | |
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So You're Interested in Bone Histology | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Functional Morphology and Medical Imaging | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Bone Biology | |
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Basic Bone Biomechanics | |
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Functional Morphology | |
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Cross-Sectional Geometric Shape Analysis | |
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Medical Imaging | |
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Case Study: Functional Morphology, CT, and Bone Density in Action | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Isotopes | |
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Introduction | |
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What Questions can be Answered with Stable Isotope Analysis? | |
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What are Isotopes? | |
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Research Design of Stable Isotope Projects | |
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Case Study: Archaeological Research Questions with Stable Isotope Data | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Molecular Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Genetics and Genomics | |
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Genetics in Anthropology | |
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Incorporating Genetics Into Anthropological Research: What do I Need to Know? | |
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Degraded DNA | |
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Case Study: Setting Up a Degraded DNA Analysis | |
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Case Study: The Trials and Tribulations of DNA Research in Practice | |
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Application of DNA Analysis to Long-Standing Anthropological Inquiries into Human Variation, its Pattern, and its Explanation | |
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Future Research Opportunities | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Completing and Cultivating the Scientific Process | |
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Library Research, Presenting, and Publishing | |
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Introduction | |
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Library and Database Research | |
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Searching and Obtaining Outside Sources of Funding | |
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Giving a Presentation | |
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Publishing | |
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Case Study: The First Rib and the Photographs | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Future Research Considerations in Human Skeletal Biology | |
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Recommendations for Developing Your Aptitude as a Scholar | |
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Trends in Human Skeletal Biology | |
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Important Considerations | |
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Vision Towards The Future | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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References | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |