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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the authors | |
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| QOS Requirements and Service Level Agreements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| SLA Metrics | |
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| Network Delay | |
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| Propagation Delay | |
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| Switching Delay | |
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| Scheduling Delay | |
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| Serialization Delay | |
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| Delay-jitter | |
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| Packet Loss | |
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| Bandwidth and Throughput | |
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| Layer 2 Overheads | |
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| VPN Hose and Pipe Models | |
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| Per Flow Sequence Preservation | |
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| Availability | |
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| Network Availability | |
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| Service Availability | |
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| Quality of Experience | |
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| Voice | |
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| Video | |
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| On-line Gaming | |
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| Application SLA Requirements | |
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| Voice over IP | |
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| VoIP: Impact of Delay | |
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| VoIP: Impact of Delay-jitter | |
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| VoIP: Impact of Loss | |
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| VoIP: Impact of Throughput | |
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| VoIP: Impact of Packet Re-ordering | |
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| Video | |
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| Video Streaming | |
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| Video Conferencing | |
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| Data Applications | |
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| Throughput Focussed TCP Applications | |
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| Interactive Data Applications | |
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| On-line Gaming | |
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| Marketed SLAs versus Engineered SLAs | |
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| End-to-End SLAs vs Segmented SLAs | |
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| Inter-provider SLAs | |
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| Intserv and Diffserv SLAs | |
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| References | |
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| Introduction to QOS Mechanics and Architectures | |
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| What is Quality of Service? | |
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| Quality of Service vs Class of Service or Type of Service? | |
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| Best-effort Service | |
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| The Timeframes that Matter for QOS | |
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| Why IP QOS? | |
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| The QOS Toolset | |
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| Data Plane QOS Mechanisms | |
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| Classification | |
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| Implicit Classification | |
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| Complex Classification | |
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| Deep Packet Inspection/Stateful Inspection | |
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| Simple Classification | |
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| Marking | |
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| Policing and Metering | |
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| RFC 2697: Single Rate Three Color Marker | |
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| RFC 2698: Two Rate Three Color Marker | |
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| Color-aware Policers | |
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| Metering | |
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| Queuing, Scheduling, Shaping, and Dropping | |
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| Queuing and Scheduling | |
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| Dropping | |
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| Shaping | |
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| Link Fragmentation and Interleaving | |
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| IP QOS Architectures | |
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| A Short History of IP Quality of Service | |
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| Type of Service/IP Precedence | |
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| IP Precedence | |
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| Type of Service | |
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| IPv6 Traffic Class Octet | |
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| Integrated Services Architecture | |
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| Differentiated Services Architecture | |
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| DS Field | |
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| Per-Hop Behaviors | |
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| Per-Domain Behaviors | |
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| Explicit Congestion Notification | |
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| Diffserv Tunneling Models | |
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| IPv6 QOS Architectures | |
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| MPLS QOS Architectures | |
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| MPLS and Intserv/RSVP | |
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| MPLS and Diffserv | |
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| IP Multicast and QOS | |
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| Typical Router QOS Implementations in Practice | |
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| Layer 2 QOS | |
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| ATM | |
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| Mapping Diffserv to ATM QOS | |
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| Frame-relay | |
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| Ethernet | |
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| Complementary Technologies | |
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| Where QOS cannot make a difference | |
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| References | |
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| Precedence, TOS, and DSCP Conversion | |
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| Notation | |
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| Conversion | |
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| Deploying Diffserv | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Deploying Diffserv at the Network Edge | |
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| Why is the Edge Key for Tight SLA Services? | |
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| Edge Diffserv Case Study | |
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| SLA Specification | |
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| Diffserv Meta-Language | |
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| High-speed Edge Design | |
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| Design Variations | |
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| Edge SLA Summary | |
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| How Many Classes are Enough? | |
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| What Marking Scheme to Use? | |
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| VoIP - How Much is Enough at the Edge? | |
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| Deploying Diffserv in the Network Backbone | |
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| Is Diffserv Needed in the Backbone? | |
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| Core Case Study | |
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| Core Classes of Service and SLA Specification | |
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| "Prioritized" Diffserv Core Model | |
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| Detailed Core Design | |
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| Design Variations | |
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| Core-marking Scheme | |
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| Tuning (W)RED | |
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| Tuning the Exponential Weighting Constant | |
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| Tuning Minth and Maxth | |
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| Mark Probability Denominator | |
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| In- and Out-of-contract | |
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| References | |
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| Capacity Admission Control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| When is Admission Control Needed? | |
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| A Taxonomy for Admission Control | |
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| What Information is Needed for Admission Control? | |
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| Parameterized or Measurements-based Algorithms | |
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| Parameterized Algorithms | |
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| Measurement-based Algorithms | |
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| Topology-unaware Off-path CAC | |
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| Topology-aware Off-path CAC: "Bandwidth Manager" | |
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| Example Bandwidth Manager Method of Operation: Next Generation Network Voice CAC | |
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| The Integrated Services Architecture/RSVP | |
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| RSVP | |
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| RSVP Example Reservation Setup | |
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| Application Signaling Interaction | |
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| Intserv over Diffserv | |
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| RSVP Aggregation | |
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| RSVP Traffic Engineering | |
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| NSIS | |
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| End-system Measurement-based Admission Control | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| SLA and Network Monitoring | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Passive Network Monitoring | |
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| How Often to Poll? | |
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| Per-link Statistics | |
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| Monitoring Classification | |
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| Monitoring Policing | |
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| Monitoring Queuing and Dropping | |
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| System Monitoring | |
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| Core Traffic Matrix | |
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| Active Network Monitoring | |
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| Test Stream Parameters | |
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| Packet Size | |
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| Sampling Strategy | |
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| Test Rate | |
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| Test Duration and Frequency | |
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| Protocols, Ports, and Applications | |
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| Active Measurement Metrics | |
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| Delay | |
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| Delay-jitter | |
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| Packet Loss | |
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| Bandwidth and Throughput | |
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| Re-ordering | |
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| Availability | |
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| Quality of Experience | |
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| Deployment Considerations | |
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| External versus Embedded Agents | |
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| Active Monitoring Topologies | |
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| Measuring Equal Cost Multiple Paths | |
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| Clock Synchronization | |
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| References | |
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| Core Capacity Planning and Traffic Engineering | |
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| Core Network Capacity Planning | |
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| Capacity Planning Methodology | |
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| Collecting the Traffic Demand Matrices | |
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| Determine Appropriate Over-provisioning Factors | |
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| Simulation and Analysis | |
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| IP Traffic Engineering | |
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| The Problem | |
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| IGP Metric-based Traffic Engineering | |
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| MPLS Traffic Engineering | |
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| MPLS TE Example Tunnel Establishment | |
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| Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering | |
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| MPLS TE Deployment Models and Considerations | |
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| Setting Tunnel Bandwidth | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |