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Preface | |
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About the Author | |
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Introduction | |
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Studying Women: Feminist Perspectives | |
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Why Study Women? | |
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The Sociological Imagination | |
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Defining Feminism | |
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Women's Studies and the Inclusion of Women | |
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The Growth of Men's Studies | |
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The Significance of Gender, Race, and Class | |
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A Sociological Framework for Thinking about Women | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender, Culture, and Sex | |
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The Social Construction of Gender | |
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Biology, Culture, and Society | |
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The Biological Basis of Sex Identity | |
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Ambiguous Sexual Identities | |
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Nature/Nurture and Sexually Dimorphic Traits | |
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Biological Determinism | |
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The Difference Culture Makes | |
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The Institutional Basis of Gender | |
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Socialization and the Formation of Gender Identity | |
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Sanctions and Expectations | |
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Race and Gender Identity | |
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Socialization across the Life Course | |
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Infancy | |
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Childhood Play and Games | |
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Socialization and the Schools | |
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Adult Socialization and the Aging Process | |
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Theoretical Perspectives on the Formation of Gender | |
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Identification Theory | |
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Social Learning Theory | |
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Cognitive-Developmental Theory | |
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Symbolic Interaction and "Doing Gender" | |
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Comparing Theoretical Perspectives | |
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Limitations of the Socialization Perspective | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender, Culture, and the Media: The Social Construction of Knowledge | |
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Gender, Language, and Popular Culture | |
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Gender and the Media | |
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Content Analysis and the Media | |
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Theories about the Media's Influence | |
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The Sociology of Knowledge | |
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Marx and the Social Construction of Knowledge | |
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Sexism as Ideology | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Sexuality and Intimate Relationships | |
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The Social Construction of Sexuality | |
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The History of Sexuality in the United States | |
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Contemporary Sexual Attitudes and Behavior | |
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Race, Sexuality, and Power | |
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Sexual Development over the Life Cycle | |
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Menstruation | |
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Menopause | |
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Love and Intimate Relationships | |
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Interracial Relationships | |
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Friendship | |
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Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender and Social Institutions | |
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Gender, Work, and the Economy | |
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Historical Perspectives on Women's Work | |
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The Family-Based Economy | |
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The Family-Wage Economy | |
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The Family-Consumer Economy | |
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Ideology and the History of Women's Work | |
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What Is Work? | |
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Economic Restructuring, Class, and Gender Stratification | |
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The Contemporary Status of Women | |
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Labor Force Participation | |
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Gender Segregation | |
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Earnings | |
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Promotions | |
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Poverty and Welfare | |
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Work Environments | |
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Tokenism | |
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Sexual Harassment | |
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Workplace Culture | |
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Intersections of Family and Work | |
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The Second Shift | |
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Housework and Care Work | |
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Policies for Gender Equity | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender and Families | |
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Historical Perspectives on Modern Families | |
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Feminist Perspectives on Families | |
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The Social Construction of Families | |
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Family Diversity | |
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The Influence of Class, Race, and Gender | |
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Linking Social Structure and Human Action | |
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The Family Ideal | |
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The Diversity of Contemporary Families | |
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Measuring Family Status | |
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Divorce | |
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Balancing Family and Work | |
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Cohabitation | |
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Gay and Lesbian Families | |
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Motherhood | |
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Fatherhood | |
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Race, Gender, and Families | |
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Families and Social Problems | |
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Family Violence | |
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Teen Pregnancy | |
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Child Care | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Women, Health, and Reproduction | |
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The Social Structure of Health | |
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Gender and Health | |
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Race, Class, and Health | |
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Reproduction and Protective Legislation | |
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Gender, Health, and Social Problems | |
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Gender and the Body: Weight, Food, and Body Image | |
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Substance Abuse: Alcohol, Drugs, and Smoking | |
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Women and AIDS | |
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Disability | |
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Health Insurance | |
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The Politics of Reproduction | |
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Birth Control | |
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Abortion | |
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Racism and Reproduction | |
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The Politics of Birth: Pregnancy and Childbirth | |
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New Reproductive Technologies | |
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Gender and the Health Care System | |
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Women as Health Care Workers | |
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The Women's Health Movement | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Women and Religion | |
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Sociological Perspectives on Religion | |
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Religion and Social Control | |
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Religion and the Emergence of Feminism in the United States | |
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Women and Religiosity | |
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Images of Women in Religion | |
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Religious Texts as Interpretive Documents | |
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Gender and Religious Beliefs | |
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Women's Status in Religious Institutions | |
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Gender and Religious Participation | |
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Women as Clergy | |
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Religion and Social Change | |
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Race, Religion and Social Justice | |
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Religion and Antifeminism | |
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Feminism and the Religious Right in the United States | |
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The Abortion Debate: A Conflict of World Views | |
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Faith, Feminism, and Spirituality | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Women, Crime, and Deviance | |
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Sociological Perspectives on Crime and Deviance | |
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Early Traditions | |
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Defining Deviance | |
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Labeling and Social Deviance | |
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Deviance, Power, and Social Conflict | |
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Feminist Perspectives on Deviance | |
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Women as Criminals | |
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The Extent of Criminality among Women | |
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Causes of Women's Crime | |
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Defining Crime | |
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Women as Victims of Crime | |
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Rape | |
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Causes of Rape | |
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Women in the Criminal Justice System | |
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Gender and the Courts | |
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Women and Prison | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender, Education, and Science | |
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Women and the History of Education | |
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Gender and Educational Success | |
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Gender and Schooling | |
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Academic Achievement: Is There a Gender Gap? | |
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Gender and the Curriculum | |
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Class and Race Inequality | |
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Women in Higher Education | |
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Gender, Science, and Society | |
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The Status of Women in Science | |
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Science, Feminism, and the Social Construction of Knowledge | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Women, Power, and Politics | |
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Defining Power | |
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Women and the State | |
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Women and the Law | |
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Women in Government | |
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The Gender Gap | |
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Do Women Make a Difference? | |
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Women and the Military | |
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Lesbians and Gays in the Military | |
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Feminism and Militarism | |
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Rethinking the Political | |
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The Women's Movement | |
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American Feminism in the Nineteenth Century | |
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The Emergence of the Contemporary Women's Movement | |
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Feminism and Civil Rights | |
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The Second Wave of Feminism | |
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Feminism for the Twenty-First Century: A Third Wave? | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Gender and Social Change: Frameworks of Feminism | |
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Women and Social Reform, Liberal Feminism | |
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Frameworks of Feminist Theory | |
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The Liberal Basis of Modern Feminism | |
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Liberalism as a Mode of Social Thought | |
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Early Liberal Feminists | |
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Mary Wollstonecraft | |
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Harriet Martineau | |
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John Stuart Mill and Hariet Taylor Mill | |
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The Critique of Liberal Feminism | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/ Projects for Though | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Contemporary Frameworks in Feminist Theory | |
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The Radical Origins of Feminist Theory: The Critique of Liberal Feminism | |
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Historical Roots of Radical Feminism | |
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Socialist Feminism: The Importance of Class and Capitalism | |
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Karl Marx and Historical Materialism | |
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Class and Capitalism | |
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Ideology and Consciousness | |
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The Woman Question | |
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The Socialist Feminist Critique of Marx | |
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Radical Feminism: The Power of Patriarchy | |
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The Sex/Gender System | |
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Sexuality and the State | |
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Intersections of Capitalism and Patriarchy | |
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Comparing Liberal, Socialist, and Radical Feminism | |
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Multiracial Feminism | |
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Postmodernist Feminism | |
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Queer Theory and Sexualities | |
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Continuing Questions for Feminist Theory | |
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Chapter Summary and Themes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions/ Projects for Thought | |
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Internet Resources | |
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Suggested Readings | |